How Caching Works - The Key to Web Performance Optimization

10 min read | 2025.12.16

What is Caching

Caching is a mechanism that temporarily stores previously retrieved data and reuses it for subsequent accesses. This significantly improves performance.

Benefits of Caching: Reduced response times, lower server load, bandwidth savings, improved user experience

Types and Layers of Cache

  1. Browser Cache (Client-side)
  2. CDN Cache (Edge)
  3. Reverse Proxy Cache
  4. Application Cache

Cache-Control Headers

DirectiveDescription
max-age=secondsSpecifies cache expiration in seconds
s-maxage=secondsExpiration for shared caches
no-cacheMust validate before use
no-storeDo not cache
privateOnly browser can cache
publicCan be cached anywhere
immutableContent will not change

Common Patterns

# Static assets (cache for 1 year)
Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable

# HTML pages (do not cache)
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate

# API responses (cache for 5 minutes)
Cache-Control: private, max-age=300

Cache Busting

<!-- Include hash in filename -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/styles.a1b2c3d4.css">
<script src="/js/app.e5f6g7h8.js"></script>

Summary

Caching is a crucial technology for dramatically improving web performance. With an appropriate caching strategy, you can achieve both improved user experience and reduced server costs.

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